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The Democratic Union Party ((ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Partidul Democrat al Unirei) or ', PDU) was a political group in Romania, one of the political forces which claimed to represent the ethnic Romanian community of Bukovina province. The PDU was active in the wake of World War I, between 1919 and 1923, having for its leader the historian and nationalist militant Ion Nistor. It was formed by Nistor and other activists who wrote for the regional periodical ''Glasul Bucovinei'', and, as a consequence, the party members were commonly referred to as ''Glasiști'' ("Glas-ists").〔Livezeanu, p.57; Michelson, p.121, 129; Mihai, p.81; Sîiulescu (2007), p.145〕 The PDU favored a centralist administration, pushed for Romanianization in public life, and was generally hostile to the centrifugal tendencies of other communities, primarily Ukrainians, Germans, Poles and Jews. These together formed a relative majority of Bukovina's population, and Nistor's agenda met with sustained opposition from all sides of the region's political spectrum, although the PDU was successful in rallying to its cause some individuals from all these communities. In addition, the PDU clashed with the moderate or autonomist Bukovinan Romanians, whose leaders were Aurel Onciul and Iancu Flondor. Democratic Union politicians helped organize the administration of Bukovina, speeding its absorption into Greater Romania, and, in 1919, formed part of the government coalition backing Premier Alexandru Vaida-Voevod. The PDU was later allied to the dominant National Liberal Party (PNL), helping it return to power with a nationwide centralist agenda, consolidated by the adoption of a new Romanian Constitution, in 1923. The same year, Nistor merged his party into the PNL. ==Origins== Bukovina met World War I as an eastern province of Austria-Hungary, on the empire's border with the Kingdom of Romania. A Romanian traditional region, it had a Romanian plurality of 42 to 48% before 1918.〔Hrenciuc, p.160. See also Sîiulescu (2007), p.149-150〕 Early in the war, a nationalist faction headed by Nistor refused to join the Austro-Hungarian Army and fled to Romania, where they organized a Committee of Bukovinan Refugees, nucleus of the future PDU groups and first publisher of ''Glasul Bucovinei''.〔Gafița, p.107; Michelson, p.120〕 Over the following years, Nistor and his men became conjectural allies of the PNL Prime Minister Ion I. C. Brătianu, who declared war on Austria in 1916.〔Gafița, p.107-108〕 Bukovinans of all nationalities emancipated themselves as the Austro-Hungarian regime collapsed and, after war ended on all fronts, the region faced an uncertain future. Early on, the Romanians and the Ukrainians created rival representative bodies, which, in late October-early November 1918, voted each for its union project: Romanians for union with Romania, Ukrainians for merger into the West Ukrainian People's Republic.〔Livezeanu, p.58; Sîiulescu (2007), p.143〕 A partition agreement was mediated between Aurel Onciul, who claimed to represent all Romanians, and Omelian Popovych of the Ukrainian movement.〔Sîiulescu (2007), p.143〕〔Paul Robert Magocsi, ''A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples'', University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 2010, p.553. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7〕 This allowed the Ukrainian Galician Army to organize incursions into Bukovina.〔 After the Austro-Hungarian administration had dissolved and the last governor (Josef Graf von Etzdorf) renounced power in favour of the Romanian and Ukrainian committees, the Ukrainian militias gained control of the province, and established a provisional government. The National Romanian Council reacted by demanding help from the Romanian Land Forces (General Iacob Zadig).〔〔Livezeanu, p.58; Sîiulescu (2007), p.143〕 The Romanian troops swiftly occupied the region, with little armed resistance from the Ukrainians, and installed martial law.〔 Through a Congress of Nationalities held at Cernăuți, some of the various competing factions, who supported the preservation of integral Bukovina, came to an understanding. Bukovina's preservation and its union with Romania was sealed on November 28, 1918, although only the region's Romanians, Germans and Poles agreed that this should be unconditional.〔Hrenciuc, p.160-161〕〔 Flavius Cătălin Sîiulescu, ("Concursul ''Eseu despre cultura și istoria poloneză a secolului XX''. Premiul III. Polonii în Bucovina: Un memoriu al polonezilor bucovineni din 1920" ), in ''Observator Cultural'', Nr. 245, November 2004〕 The Congress, which opened with a greeting to the Romanian Army, was boycotted by the Ukrainian and Jewish representatives.〔Livezeanu, p.59〕 The Congress also renewed tensions between the two leaders of Bukovina's Romanian nationalist revival: Iancu Flondor, who supported regional autonomy and minority rights; and Nistor, who stood for ethnonationalism and welcomed centralized rule.〔〔Gafița, ''passim''; Hrenciuc, p.160; Michelson, ''passim''; Sîiulescu (2007), p.144-145, 151-152〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Democratic Union Party (Bukovina)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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